Piston-packing



H. SKARL.

PISTON PACKING.

APPLICATION HLED MAR 28, 1921.

1,395,603. Patented Nov. 1, 1921 gu y LL;

A/ NEH/Riv V, 7'

EIENEELY EAKARL, 31

eas es.

Application filed March 28, 1921.

To It iaiwm. it? may concern:

lie it known that LHENRY Simnn, aciti- :aen of the i m'ted States, residing at Cleveland. in the county of Cnyahoga and, State he used connection with any mechanism in which a cylinder.

22s is well known. the piston of an internal explosive engine is provided with any numher of circinnscrihed grooves in each of which is disposed an open expansive ring.

lit is found in practice that in the use of the ordinary type of ring there is a loss oi compression by reason of the gas escape not only through the joint of the ring hut also through the grooves of the piston, along the sides of the ring and under the ring. By the same token excessive oil works past the rings into the comhustion chambers. It: is therefore h 'hly important that not only shall the ring tit snugly with its outer pcriphcry against the inner wall of the cylinoer and that the ring cuds he in close contact. hut :lso that. the rings transversely tit the piston grooves so as to he in gas c cluoing contact with the side walls of the piston grooves. It is equally important that the rings hc capahle of rapidly accommodating themselves to any inequalities in. the surface oi the cylinder due to w iar or similar detects.

it is the ohject of the present invention to form a packing that will prevent gas escape through the joint ends; along the sides of the packing. also, in. and around the hack of the packing. To this cad the ring has hcen designed to rapidly'accommodate itscli to the cylinder and fit snugly transvcrscly in the piston groove.

The invention consists ot the novel teaturcs of construction hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

The. accompanying drawings illustrate certain cinhodiments at the invention.

Figure l. is a side elevation of the piston packings in place on the piston head.

a side elevation of the ring. with a side elevation of the inner spring steel ollower ring, part of the outer wear memmovahle piston is fitted within Specification of Letters Patent.

ca l,

@FFICE.

C'LEVELZJFIB.

PISTON PACKIN-G.

Patented Yor. 3t. 1921.

Serial lie. 456,282.

her being broken away to give a cross section v ew of the internal construction of the ring and the quick seating facilities on the outer periphery.

3, is a detailed view in cross section of the packing shown in Fig. l.

Fig. is a perspective view showing the composite packing cut in two with its rcsoltant parts in different planes.

Heretofore it has invariably been the practice to make the packing the same width transversely as the piston groove, likewise having a greater normal outside diameter than the inside diameter of the cylinder. This condition has been adhered to in the new invention. lntlre ordinary type of ring there is a slight distortion when the ring is pressed into the cylinder so that the ring does not make atrue fit; in the new invention the center of the outer periphery of the ring is somewhat lower than at the edges. the high points hcing very thin wear away quickly thcrchy enabling a true it all a 'ound the inner circumference of thc cylinder.

Referring to the drawings; 1i. represents the cylinder. l the piston. l) the circumscrihcd grooves in which the packing is disposed.

in the forms shown in Fig. l the packings consist of suitahlc rings ll divided at a single point i. hut otherwise contini'mus.

The ring is rcsilicut and expands into contact with the cylindcr horc hy its own rcsilicncy. The cut 7) is made with a lap joint, thc two steps of the joint overlapping \vhcn thc ring is in place. lhcrchy preventing any dircct lcakagc through the cut.

'ihc inner side of the ring ll is made partly straight. (parallel to the outer wearing face) and partly with an inward taciu hovel I).

The width of the ring is pretcrahly the same width as that of the circumscribed groovcs l). lly having this arrangement the use of a ring compressor is practically eliminated. \Vhcrc thcv width of the ring is less than that of the grooves a compressor almost to the edges. The edges being thin will wear oli rapidly causing a snug fit all around the inner wall of the cylinder, re gardless of wear or similar irregularities in rolled spring steel considerable less in width than the member B. the normal outside diameter of member Cbeing considerably greater than the inside diameter of member B. The member C is rolled and pressed 7 with a bevel to conform to the bevel 7/ on the member B, as the normal outside diameter of member C being greater than the normal inside diameter on B, the follower C acting, on the bevel surface 7/, by reason of its own expansion, exerting a constant pressure tends to force itself against one of the sides of groove D thereby compensating for any inequalities between groove D and the member B caused either through wear or otherwise on either one or both groove D and the ring R. Thus the packing is maintained tight against loss of pressure underneath the ring, between the ring and the piston.

'lhe follower ring (I is preferably made of thin flat rolled spring steel. as this is substantially the cheapest and surest method of securing an acr,:urate follower ring. The metal being thin, will by its own resiliency press outward and ciinforin to the correspoi'iding bevel I). the thin loweredge tightly hugging the side of the groove l). vet the pressure exerted being insufficient to cause grooving of the ring in the sides of groove I).

Where a machinedfollower ring is used great care must be exercised in accurately machining both the bevel on the inside of the wear member and the corres 'ionding bevel on the follower ring.

he a round wire follower ring is used. even if ground flat on the side adjacent to the side oi the circums ribed piston groove, it yet presents but a merc line contact on the outer radius with the bevel on the inner side of the wear member. When the wear i'ncniber is considerably less in width than the width of the piston groove. there is a slight creeping movement of the ring with the up and down movement of the piston. thereby causing the round periphery of the follower ring to embed itself into the bevel. frequently causing a short lived ring there being wear on both sides of the ring.

I claim;

1. In combination a piston having one or more circumscribed grooves therein and a packing ring in said groove or grooves comprising a continumis resilient packing ring divided at a single point and having a partly cylindrical and a partly' conical surface at its inner side. said packing being substantially the same in width as the width oi the groove in which it is disposed, and a flat rolled spring steel follower ring rolled and pressed into beveled form engaging the beveled surface on the inner side of the outer packing pressing outward and downward engaging one of the sides of the cirennr scribed groove in the piston.

2. In combination a cylinder, a piston loose within the cylinder'anrl having one or more circumscribed grooves therein and a packing in said groove or grooves. divided at a single point with a lap joint, having a partly cylindrical and a partly conical surface on its inner side, the outer face of said parking being concave, the normal outside diameter of said ring being substantially greater than the inside diameter of the evlinder. the said ring being forced outward against the cylinder wall by itsown resiliency. said packing ring being substantially tbesame in width as that of the groove in which it is disposed. and a spring follower ring made of thin. fiat rolled annealed spring steel. said follower ring being rolled and formed with a bevel to engage the beveled surface on the inner side of the outer ring. the normal outside diameter of the follower ring being substantial y greater than the normal inside diameter of the outer ring and expanding into position by its own re- SiliQIlr). i

In testimony whereoi I have hereunto set mv hand in presence of two subscribing wit nesses.

HEIRY SKAPL. Vl'itnesses ALLEN J. SHAW, CARL F SHULER. 

